Cellular Radio Car Antenna
Cellular radio car antenna
The function of antennas at base stations of cellular radio systems has
been proven to be a successful way to increase the performance and the
channel ability of personal communication systems. In compare to those
technically highly developed base station antennas, the exterior and
the practical principle of car antennas with omni directional pattern
has been nearly the same during the last few years. In spite of the
comparatively low technical effort and the small dimensions this highly
effective antenna configuration opens the possibility for smart antenna
application in vehicles too.
Cellular and PCS base station:
The signal from a cellular base station antenna is basically directed
toward the horizon in a comparatively narrow beam in the vertical
plane. As with all forms of electromagnetic energy, the power density
from a cellular transmitter decreases rapidly as one move away from the
antenna. As a result, normal ground-level exposure is much less than
that might be encountered if one were very close to the antenna and in
its main transmitted beam. Measurements made close to distinctive
cellular and PCS installations have shown that ground-level power
densities are well below limits.
Mounting of antenna:
Car mounted antennas used for cellular communications normally operate at a power level of 3 watts or less then that. These cellular antennas are typically mounted on the roof, on the trunk or on the rear window of a car. In order to be exposed to RF levels that approach the safety guidelines it would be necessary to remain very close to a car mounted cellular antenna. The results of this study showed that the highest exposure occurred with a female model at a distance of 9.7 cm from one of the antennas operating at a power level of 3 watts. Analysis of the data indicated that the antenna would have to be driven to 7 W of power before the limit for specific absorption rate. From the gathered it appears that properly installed, car mounted, personal wireless transceivers using up to 3 watts of power would result in maximum exposure levels in or near the vehicle that are well below the safety limits. This assumes that the transmitting antenna is at least 15 cm or more from car occupants. Time averaging of exposure will usually result in still lower values when compared with safety guidelines.
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